Prayers for peace as Christmas celebrated worldwide

LONDON- Worshippers brought hopes for greater peace in the coming year as they flocked to Manger Square in Bethlehem and to St. Peter's Square in the Vatican to hear Christmas messages urging an end to violence, particularly in the Middle East. But from Indonesia to Iraq, fear overshadowed the festivities.

Few worshippers dared attend services in Baghdad on Saturday, and tens of thousands of police stood on guard at packed churches in Jakarta.

Gang violence cast a pall over Christmas in the Honduran city of San Pedro Sula, where suspected gang members wielding assault rifles boarded a public bus and killed 28 people two days earlier. In a message left on the bus windshield, the gunmen promised more violence, saying: "People should take advantage of this Christmas because the next one will be worse."

Friday night, jittery last-minute Christmas shoppers scurried for cover in the city when fireworks went off and rumors spread that street gangs were preparing to fight.

But festivities were lighthearted in other corners of the globes. Australians in bikinis and Santa suits took their parties and Christmas barbecues to the beach. And in London, Madrid and Paris, the streets were nearly empty as families stayed home for their traditional Christmas dinners.

Queen Elizabeth II urged religious and cultural tolerance in multicultural Britain in her traditional Christmas message, broadcast on television and radio.

"Religion and culture are much in the news these days, usually as sources of difference and conflict, rather than for bringing people together. But the irony is that every religion has something to say about tolerance and respecting others," she said.

The queen also praised Britain's troops overseas.

In the United States, President Bush issued a Christmas message for his country's troops just days after an attack on a U.S. military hall in the Iraqi city of Mosul killed 14 U.S. service members as well as eight others.

"In Afghanistan, Iraq, and elsewhere, these skilled and courageous Americans are fighting the enemies of freedom and protecting our country from danger," Bush said.

At the Vatican, thousands - many cheering and waving flags - flocked to St. Peter's Square to hear Pope John Paul II's traditional "Urbi et Orbi, Latin for "to the city and to the world," message and holiday wishes in dozens of languages.

"Babe of Bethlehem, Prophet of peace, encourage attempts to promote dialogue and reconciliation. Sustain the efforts to build peace, which hesitantly, yet not without hope, are being made to bring about a more tranquil present and future for so many of our brothers and sisters of the world," John Paul said.

Hundreds of worshippers marched through the streets of the Beit Sahur village in the West Bank, holding candles and singing.

In Bethlehem, the traditional birthplace of Jesus Christ, a new thaw in Israeli-Palestinian relations drew several thousand more pilgrims than last year as Israeli troops eased passage through checkpoints into the West Bank city.

Among those attending services was interim Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas - a change from previous years, when Israel prevented the late Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat from attending out of fears that he would advocate violence.

Latin Patriarch Michel Sabbah, the senior Roman Catholic official in the Holy Land, called on Israelis and Palestinians to put violence behind them.

"Palestine and Israel must conquer the evil of violence," he said at St. Catherine's Church adjacent Manger Square, "and give birth to a new society of brothers and sisters in which no one controls the other, no one is occupied by the other, no one causes insecurity for the other, no one takes liberty from the other," he said.

Spanish King Juan Carlos used his televised Christmas address to pay tribute to the victims of the March 11 train bombings. The king said relatives of the 191 people who died in Spain's worst terrorist attack had his and his family's "deepest affection and understanding."