Today, I can roll out of bed and with a few clicks on my phone, transfer money from my checking account to my online savings account, purchase a song on iTunes, and make a payment on my power bill. Years ago, each of these discrete activities would have required separate trips to various businesses. At the very least, each activity could not be accomplished online.
The shift to a virtual world directly affects our everyday lives and what occurs at our death. With the explosion of social media and increasingly more powerful smartphones, the significance of our online presence is not limited to financial accounts. Social media giants like Twitter and Facebook have adopted deceased user policies. Prior to the Virginia Tech massacre in 2007, Facebook automatically closed down user profiles after death. Students, families, and friends objected to this policy because they wanted to leave tributes and messages on the shooting victims' profiles. Now, following notice of a deceased user, Facebook allows profiles to be "memorialized," or changed into tribute pages without certain personal information.
Heirs may want to maintain sites or blogs with special sentimental value such as photo sharing sites like Kodak Gallery, Shutterfly, and Flickr. Many blog creators and Twitter users have hundreds if not thousands of followers. With all of the time and effort expended in creating and posting interesting content, the users would not likely want their online presence to vanish immediately upon their passing.
Can a surviving spouse access any of the online accounts mentioned above? For years, consumer advocates warned of the pitfalls of keeping a written list of our passwords. Create strong passwords with numbers, letters, symbols, and capitalized letters! Do not share your passwords with anyone! However, this caution-filled advice can create problems at death.
I confronted this dilemma recently when a client sought to bequeath his online gaming account to a designated beneficiary. The client determined it was best if our office kept the login information rather than give the information to the designated trustee. The client confessed that he did not want the trustee to see how much he had expended (lost) on the hobby. For good reason, many of us would not want our loved ones to access our email and other online accounts.
Therein lies the dilemma. Several companies offer a potential solution. Three main competitors, AssetLock.net, Legacy Locker, and Deathswitch.com, are online services that allow users the ability to pass on their online assets. The companies give account access to various designated beneficiaries by giving the beneficiaries your passwords and can send final messages to friends. The online companies charge yearly or lifetime fees to act as your digital personal representatives. The conundrum is that these services will require human "verifiers" that the account holder is deceased and the online assets should be distributed.
The procedure for obtaining online account access can be even more burdensome if someone is incapacitated. If the incapacitated person has not executed a power of attorney, his or her spouse or family will need a guardian or conservator appointed. This may not suffice as certain financial institutions will require a court order customized to the particular account. All of these predicaments beg the question: What to do?
Individuals could give a lawyer or dependable relative all of the online account information. If you are fortunate to have several trustworthy loved ones, you could split up your accounts among a group of different people. The tried-and-true approach of leaving vital, important documents in a home safe or safety-deposit box could work well too. However, ensure that someone can access the safe or deposit box. At the very least, you should maintain a list of your online accounts and the domain names and inform someone where the list is.
Even if you have permission to use a spouse or family member's online accounts during life, legally you may not be able to access their accounts after death. Notify the service provider so that others do not prey upon the account. Such notification will stop online bill pay services and other automated transactions. For those collecting Social Security benefits, loved ones must return any payments received after a recipient passes away. Benefits are often paid through direct deposit which should be stopped by notifying the bank and the Social Security Administration of the recipient's death.
The law is sluggish in maintaining pace with the rapid evolution of online services. Clients and their counsel must be aware of the looming issues before losing Face(book) and turning to Google for solutions. If you have questions or concerns, you should contact an estate planning attorney.
Jason Morris is an associate at Woodburn and Wedge practicing in the areas of estate planning, taxation and probate. Contact him at 688-3000 or jmorris@woodburnandwedge.com.
